Research Interests
Fields: Economic history, labour economics, public policy

Topics: Indigenous economic history, racial protest, police use of force, trade unions 

Publications
“A Ferguson Effect, the Drug Epidemic, Both, or Neither? Explaining the 2015 and 2016 U.S. Homicide Rises by Race and Ethnicity” with Shytierra Gaston and Jamein Cunningham. Homicide Studies May 2019 

“The Effects of the Neighborhood Legal Services Program on Riots and the Wealth of African Americans” with Jamein Cunningham. The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(6): 144-157 October 2018 

• Coverage from the Chicago Policy Review

“Return to the Homeland? The Impact of the Great Recession on Employment Outcomes and Labor Mobility for Native Americans” with Donna Feir. Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, 1(2-3): 60-74 September 2018

• Coverage from the Washington Center for Equitable Growth

“Racial Differences in Police Use of Force: Evidence form the 1960s Civil Disturbances” with Jamein Cunningham. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108: 217-221 May 2018 

“The Impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Ethnic Stratification in Africa” with Warren Whatley. American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 101(3): 571-76 May 2011. (Online Appendix)

“The Fundamental Impact of the Slave Trade on African Economies” with Warren Whatley in Economic Evolution and Revolution in Historical Time, ed. P. Rhode, J.Rosenbloom and D. Weiman, 86-110 . Stanford: Stanford University Press. January 2011. 

Working Papers
“The Slaughter of the Bison and Reversal of Fortunes on the Great Plains” with Donna Feir and Maggie Jones (Revision requested at the Review of Economic Studies)

• Coverage from the Minneapolis Star Tribune, MinnPost, The Bulletin, CBC, Conversable Economist, Inside Science
• EBHS Fred Bateman Prize Winner

“Illuminating Economic Development in Indigenous Communities” with Donna Feir and Maggie Jones (Revision requested at the Canadian Journal of Economics)

“Don't Shoot: The Impact of Historical African American Protest on Police Killings of Civilians” with Jamein Cunningham (Revision requested at the Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
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“Did the War on Poverty Stop the 1960s Race Riots?”

• Coverage from Bloomberg

“Labour Law Enforcement During World War II and the Growth of the US Trade Union Movement” 

Works in Progress
African American Protest and Police Violence:
“An Event History Analysis of the Local Conditions Behind Black Lives Matter” with Jamein Cunningham 

“A Cause for Concern? Examining the Impact of Collective Bargaining On Police Related Violence in the United States” with Jamein Cunningham, Donna Feir, and Alex Thomson

Indigenous Economic History
“The Determinants and Impacts of Historical Treaty-Making in Canada” with Donna Feir and Maggie Jones (Paper available upon request)

Trade Unions
"The Impact of "Right-to-Work Legislation on Union Finances, 2000-2016"